Wednesday, October 30, 2019
DBMS I - The Role of Database Administrators Research Paper
DBMS I - The Role of Database Administrators - Research Paper Example Additionally, a database administrator (DBA) is an information technology (IT) expert whose particular task is to design and manage database systems and put into practice efficient ways to organize and store data. In a lot of circumstances, database administrators have to shift data from out-dated systems into new systems (DegreeFinders.com, 2011; TechTarget, 1999). In addition, the database administrator is frequently available and required to work when required. This situation carries a huge accountability. Additionally, a DBA is responsible for protecting the database for example he implements the business internet access inside the corporate. In this scenario, he needs to implement policies and security measures that no one could be able to access an illegal website at the workplace such as Facebook. Moreover, every database has one or more administrators who are accountable for upholding the entire characteristics of the security strategy. However, if the business database system is not large in size, the database administrator can also perform the tasks of the security manager. Though, if the database system is huge, a particular person or group of people can have tasks partial to those of a security administrator (Vennapoosa, 2005; Alapati, 2005; Newcombe,
Monday, October 28, 2019
Theme Of Women In Different Artistic Periods Essay Example for Free
Theme Of Women In Different Artistic Periods Essay Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Romantic are all artistic movements of centuries past. It is through the artistic movements that one can capture a glimpse of society and the way life was lived during that time. Thoughts and feelings are exposed as well as facts are captured by the artist. It is as if time stands still and one can experience the past with these works of art. This is especially true when a theme or subject is used in art from different time periods.  One can see how the view of the subject has changed or stayed the same. One theme that has evolved over time is the subject of women. Their complexities, mysteries, and roles in society have been studied throughout the ages. That is why they have been a favorite point of interest for artist. If an artist can capture the essence of a woman, then he/she can capture life.            The Baroque Period was the earliest of these artistic movements. It came after the European Renaissance and spanned the whole seventeenth century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.1  Baroque art was basically an answer to the Catholic Reformation. The objective of the church was to communicate the emotions of the biblical stories in art. The church desired that the patrons who were illiterate to be able to view the art and understand the story and feel the emotions that they could not comprehend because of their lack of reading. The wealthy patrons had a different purpose for the art they commissioned and this was to impress others. _____________________ Artlex. Baroque. 2008 http://www.artlex.com The focus of the paintings were to be dramatic and to tell a story that would appeal to the senses. The realism in the art of this period was incredible. The subjects were multidimensional as well as the textures accurate.            An excellent example of art from the Baroque Period is Young Girl Writing a Love Letter by the Italian painter Pietro Rotari. The painting was completed in seventeen fifty-five so it was done in the middle of the period which would represent the peak of the artistic movement. Young Girl Writing a Love Letter is not a painting with a religious theme, but Rotari did paint many that were. Instead, he chose a young woman for his subject. Even though the theme is different than most Baroque art, the young woman has a dreamy, almost angelic quality and expression on her face. There is a purity about her that reminds one of the Virgin Mary. She is resting her head on her hand while she gazes off into the distance while contemplating just the right words to write to her lover. However, one can tell from her innocent face that even though she is in love, she her motives are pure. The treatment of women as a theme in art during the Baroque Period truly reflects the religious focus during that time.            Rotari’s style is typical of the Baroque Period. His painting of Young Girl Writing a Love Letter is realistic. The young woman’s hair is painted so that it gives the appearance of her hair having strands with a few wisp of stray hairs that have fallen out of her neatly pulled back hairstyle. The silk fabric of her dress is realistically shown through the use of lights and darks. Even the wood of the desk is painted using perspectives so that it has a three dimensional look.            Rococo was the eighteenth century’s answer to the Baroque movement. As Baroque concentrated on religious figures and themes, the artist of the Rococo Period focused on the wealthy aristocracy. The ornamental, graceful curves, delicate colors, and anything of elegance were the markings of the period. The aristocracy wanted to be the focus of the art instead of heroes from history and the Bible. The movement originated in France during the reign of Louis XV. The architecture and furnishings of the day were also representative the movement.            One of the foremost painters during the Rococo Period was Jean Marc Nattier. He was a French painter who, at fifteen, painted for Peter the Great, but he was a member of King Louis XV’s court and mainly painted for him. Many of his paintings are still in France and still displayed at the Louvre. Mythological portraiture allowed Nattier to synthesize his desire to be a history painter with the financial necessity of making a living, for portraits were in demand. After the 1740s, as tastes began to change, Nattier created more straightforward representations. Financial problems and illness finally caused him to stop painting in 1762. (Getty Museum) An excellent example of Jean Marc Nattier’s work is the painting Portrait of a Young Woman Painter. The young woman is obviously an aristocrat because is adorned in a lavish yet delicate dress with a carefree look on her face as she gazes out at the painting. She has a face that is fragile as though it has never seen the sun, hard work, or bad and troublesome thoughts. Her hand is rested on her head in a ladylike pose while her smile is faint. She holds her palette as if she is not serious about painting. In fact, she looks as like there is nothing that really interest her. She is graceful and her curves are sensual as the open neckline of her dress. The background is muted as are the colors of the portrait. It is not bright and vivid as the paintings of the Baroque Period. The artist deals with the subject of a young woman as mystical. She does not standout in any way because of the muted shades, but simply fades into the background. Her palette that should have vibrant colors on them, but they are varying shades of the background. This symbolizes that a woman considering an occupation is just a frivolous idea that is fleeting. Instead of angelic as women were portrayed in the Baroque Period, the woman depicted in the Rococo movement is seen more as a status symbol. It is as if she only exist to prove that the man in her life can afford her. She would be his proof that by pampering her, he has the means to sustain his social position.            Following the Rococo Period was the Neoclassical movement which focused on the classical forms of the ancient Greek and Roman works of art. Neo-classicism was a style that emerged in Britain and France in the 1750s. Artists and architects sought to create an eternally valid true style that could be expressed across all areas of the visual arts. The style was based on the designs of Classical Greece and Rome. A major source of inspiration came from archaeological discoveries such as those made at Herculaneum and Pompeii which brought the ancient world to life. (Learn About Style) Patriotism, heroism, courage, and sacrifice were elements of the Neoclassical Period. This movement stated in the seventeen fifties, and lasted well into the eighteen hundreds.            Marie-Louise Lebrun, also known as Élisabeth-Louise Vigà ©e-Le Brun, was a famous portrait artist during the Neoclassic Period. Her paintings were simple and pure as was popular during the period. Her well known painting, Portrait of Theresa, Countess Kinsky is typical of the Neoclassical design. There is a landscape that is faded into the background so that the focus is on the Countess. Her head is wrapped in a long flowing cloth that is reminiscent of the loose draping of the ancient Greeks and Romans. The dress is of a deep midnight blue that draws the eye to the classic lines of the clothing. Her demeanor is of a woman that is knowledgeable and intense. The Countess is has a striking pose that draws immediate attention to her. Her eyes are piercing while her smile is alluring.            The theme of woman in this picture is unique in that the subject is a female seen through the eyes of another female. It is amazing how Lebrun presents a woman of obvious strength that is not seen in the previous paintings. The Countess is a confident compelling subject. There is power in the expression of her countenance. Her intellect is shown as a positive element that only adds to her beauty. In reality this womans life was rather tragic. Her husband left her at the altar after their wedding and went to his mistress. Given the beauty of Theresa, the Countess, one wonders about the personalities of the people involved.1   A woman who lived the life of the Countess would have to have been strong and command the attention of Lebrun, who was a professional woman and was also a symbol of strength.            The Romantic Period encompassed the first half of the nineteenth century. The artist of the day concentrated on emotion, the supernatural, and the glorification of nature. _____________________ Countess Kinsky. 2008. http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/artists/evlb93.html Romantics were more emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.1  There was more of an attention to the exotic that the ancient Greece and Rome. There was also a fascination of horror. It was definitely different from artistic period in the past. One could not help but be drawn into the emotional state of the subject because it was the objective of the Romantic artist to completely convey the emotion of the subject of his/her art.            The talented Thà ©odore Chassà ©riau was characteristic of the Romantic Period. He started painting at a young age and was a master painter by the time he reached adulthood. The Angel, by Chassà ©riau, is unlike any of the angels painted in earlier artistic periods. The angel is either on earth or a place that has a similar landscape. The prominent tree trunk, the colorful fall foliage of the tree leaves, and the lush green underbrush are typical of the Romantic focus on the glorification of nature. The light fluffy clouds add to the effect. The angelic being depicted on earth is an example of spotlight on the supernatural. The expression of deep concern and pain is on the face of the being which is opposite of what most think of angels who are thought to be creatures of peace, love, and protection. However, this angel is in hurting in some way. The clothing is realistic, but the hair and feathers of the angel are more fantastic than real.            The angel is depicted as a woman in the painting The Angel. It sets the tone that women were seen as heavenly beings during the period. They were not seen as equal to men, yet men saw them as mysterious. The fact that this angel is distressed displays to _____________________  Artlex. Baroque.  2008 http://www.artlex.com the viewer that heaven might not be what the world expected it to be. As women are stereotypically emotional people, the angel is definitely female. In the Bible, the angels have male names, yet Chassà ©riau, like others of his day, portrayed it as female. Women were seen as the ones who were immensely emotional.            Women have been the subject of art ever since there was art. They are intriguing and beguiling. Each artistic period was representative of society’s view of women. It is a way to freeze a moment in time. It is an interesting idea to examine how the place of woman in society has evolved over time. Bibliography Chassà ©riau, Theodore. The Angel. 1840. Countess Kinsky. http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/artists/evlb93.html Getty Museum. Artist. http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=459 Learn About Style. Neoclassicism. http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/bg_styles/Style05a/index.html Lebrun, Marie, Louise. Portrait of Theresa, Countess Kinsky. 1793. Nattier, Jean Marc. Portrait of a Young Woman Painter. 1740. Rotari, Pietro. Young Woman Writing a Love Letter. 1755.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Law and Economic Literature :: Economic Environment, Trading Regulations
Law and economic literature on insider trading can be categorized into two categories- agency theories and market theories of insider trading. Agency theories of insider trading deal with the impact of insider trading on firm-level efficiency and corporate value (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). On other hand, Market theories of insider trading analyze the implication of insider trading on market performance (Bhattacharya and Daouk, 2000) e.g. the cost of capital, liquidity and market efficacy etc., for example, Manna (1966) suggests that the insider trading allows stock markets to be more efficiency. Surprisingly, most of the debates on insider trading are concentrated on U.S markets (Beny, 2005).La Porta et al (1998) claim that law and its level of enforcement vary according to countries’ infrastructures, and differences in law and its enforcement may explain variations in market structures and stock market practices among different countries. Moreover, Maug (2002) presents a mat hematical model in which a dominate owner has information advantage over small shareholders where insider trading regulations are not properly enforced. Besides, Leland (1992) argues that if the insider trading is allowed, stock prices reflect better information at the cost of less liquidity that magnitude depends on economic environment. Baiman and Verrecchia (1996) argue that the level of insider trading varies with level of financial disclosure, the culture, and the economics of different countries. Therefore, it can be expected that the impact of insider trading activities on the stock market varies country to country. Bhattacharya and Daouk (2002) address the effect of insider trading regulation and its enforcement on the cost of capital by taking 51 countries over more than 20 years, and they summaries that insider trading regulation and its enforcement of different countries help in reducing the cost of capital of firms. Even though, the magnitude of effect varies with the level of enforcement of a country. Moreover, Beny (2005) does an attempt to find whether insider trading law matter on Ownership dispersion, stock price informativeness and stock liquidity. In empirical results, he finds that Ownership dispersion, stock price informativeness and stock liquidity are greater where insider trading law and its enforcement are more restricted. Moreover, the most important aspect of the formal law is penalties or criminal sanctions that are imposed on who violates insider trading law. Fernandes and Ferreira (2009) argue that insider trading regulation and its enforcement improve the informativeness of stock prices, but this improvement is concentrated in developed markets.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Filmmaking :: essays research papers
The Film about Filmmaking Truffaut's irresistibly charming "film about filmmaking" is an enormously affectionate homage to cinema, as well as a portrayal of the joy and anguish of filmmaking. The framing film Day for Night tells the story of a director; Ferrand (Truffaut) and his crew shooting a romantic family melodrama entitled Meet Pamela at the Studio Victorine in Nice. As the shooting proceeds, the personal crises of the crewmembers engulf the professional sphere of their lives, and threaten the smooth progress of the filming: one of the leading actresses, Sà ©verine (Valentina Cortese), is anguished by her son's terminal illness and unable to remember her lines because of her alcoholism; Stacey (Alexandra Stewart) is three-months pregnant and refuses to shoot a swimming scene in a bathing suit; Alphonse (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) seeks feminine/maternal affection and lingers over the same question: "Are women magic?" Ferrand realizes that films are more harmonious than life: there are "no traffic jams or no dead waits," and people like them are happy only in their work of making films. Despite a series of difficulties and the accidental death of Alexandre (played by Jean-Pierre Aumont) in a car crash, the crew manages to complete the filming and then disperse to future destinations. From the outset Day for Night is full of Truffaut's nostalgia for cinema of the past. A title sequence accompanied by orchestral music gradually turns into a melancholic accordion tune; a still of Dorothy and Lillian Gish with subtitle announces that the film is dedicated to these legendary stars of the silent screen. The spectator is then led to a square seemingly in Paris, a rather chic landscape dotted with a metro station, a fashionable cafà ©, stoned buildings, the sound of busy traffic and pedestrians. A young man (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) with a solemn expression on his face appears from the metro station and walks towards an elderly man. After a while the young male slaps the latter on his face. As soon as an immense tension occurs we hear the voice "Cut" and the camera tracks back to reveal that it was a shooting of a film. The camera pulls back further and we see the film crew, a television presenter and her crew. The television crew interviews the actors and they p rovide us with a synopsis of the film they are shooting: Meet Pamela is the story of a tragic affair of an adulterous couple.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Hindenburg Disaster
On May 6th, 1937, a Zeppelin airship of Germany called the Hindenburg set off for its first North Atlantic crossing. It was to land on Naval Air Station base in Lakehurst, New Jersey but fate had a different plan for the Hindenburg and its passengers. At 7:20, reporters and crowds gathered around to see the sky-beauty land in her appointed spot, but at 7:23 screams were heard and the sound of a firework shooting up. To the crowd’s amazement, they saw a small, orange flame forming at the tail end of the airship. The fire started at the top tail fin or so it has been reported by eye witnesses of this horrific disaster.The designer of the Hindenburg had law enforcements give the witnesses a blueprint of the airship so they could illustrate where they seen the small flame and how they saw the fire spread across the dirigible. When everything was said and done and they reviewed the blueprints that were collected not one was identical to the one before or after it. Some saw a flash, some saw a spark, and some saw an explosion. The cause, to this day, has been unknown. There are theories floating around such as: static electricity from the on coming thunderstorm, a small lighting bolt, a leak of hydrogen, conspiracy, and many others that have no backing agents.In the following sections I will have hoped to help you make you decision on what the real cause of this tragic event was and in detail explained what I think happened and why with a scientific explanation. First, what was the structure of the Hindenburg made of? The skeleton was made of an aluminum structure. The blimps design was 15 main rings made of aluminum making the central frame. Then the remaining frame was welted to those 15 rings then covered with non flame-retardant cotton. Then the cotton itself was painted. It was painted with cellulose acetate butyrate and aluminum powder, both of which can be combustible alone.Aluminum powder can be explosive or flammable if mixed with air, it is used in l iquid and solid rocket fuels, and used in thermite, which is an incendiary. It also burns and orange-red depending on other elements being present at point of ignition. The cellulose acetate butyrate is combustible and used in everyday items such as hairbrushes. Thought it was painted with the same substance throughout it was not painted with the same amount of coats throughout. The top had more layers of â€Å"dope†paint to sustain from lighting strikes and the bottom was painted with a top coat of reflection â€Å"dope†paint to fool the people below.Inside the Hindenburg, there were 16 gas filled pockets. These pockets were filled with hydrogen instead of helium because it is less dense than Helium. (Side note: The fact that hydrogen is less dense than helium is proven because of Avogadro. He stated that if you have two different gases at the same pressure and the same temperature then they would have the same amount of particles. But then that would lead to say th at one mol of helium has a mass of 4 grams and one mol of hydrogen has a mass of 2 grams. The pockets or gasbags were lined with goldbeater’s skin, a thin membrane taken from cattle intestines. The Hindenburg as a whole was almost the size of the Titanic. There are many theories to what caused the Hindenburg fire. Suggestions such as: the pain caught fire from a spark that came off the rope being deployed at the landing destination, or the hydrogen being released had caught a spark or a lightning bolt, a Nazi soldier set the airship on fire, or a witness from below shot the tail end of the dirigible causing it to catch fire.Though these theories have been backed by countless number of reasoning’s and facts no one scientist can fully prove the cause of the fire. There is one theory that could have been but more than likely it did not. The theory of conspiracy. Though it is true that a handgun was found in the remains of the Hindenburg, it is not a plausible answer to th e massive disaster. It is said that a Nazi purposefully shot one of the hydrogen bags while walking the axis of the airship. Considering the Hindenburg was an anti-Nazi dirigible and even its creator did not support Hitler and his rampage, it is not a creditable theory.Though it is a food for thought, the conspiracy theory has no backing or relative cause of purpose. Addison Bain, for example, tried to show that the thermite paint caused a reaction. In his paper he went on to say that a spark from the engine had landed on the paint and contained enough energy to set fire to the paint and cause the fire. Though he is not completely wrong, personally it is not a well-enough explanation to what happened and how it happened. Bain had preformed television demonstrations on his theory, but he had flaws in his experiments.For instance, he showed a continuous flame one the skin on the Hindenburg model and his research shows that he concluded it to be an instant spark. On another count, he u sed a small piece of the actual skin cover in the â€Å"dope†and he set it on fire and showed its burn time, if these were correct tests he should have allowed reaction time, set fire in relative area of the original fire, the tail area not its mid section, and did not consider the dampness of the â€Å"dope†paint at the altitude it was at. These were also factors going against whether or not the Mythbusters had correctly called their test on Bain’s theory a bust.In the television series Mythbusters, Adam and Jamie gather myths that have been sent in by their viewers, myths that are not able to be determined busted on a day-to-day basis, and they safely determine if the myth is true and factual or is it a rumor and a hoax. Mythbusters determined that the theory proposed by Addison Bain was a bust. They built three models of the Hindenburg on a 1/50th scale and conducted three different experiments. One Hindenburg was painted with the â€Å"dope†and fil led with air. The second was just the hydrogen within with a regular skin without the â€Å"dope†compound.The third consisted of both the â€Å"dope†skin and the hydrogen filling. They determined that the hydrogen was the real cal prate of the Hindenburg fire. Considering the way they tested the experiments, it is very arguable to say that they did not correctly perform their experiments. For instance they did not set fire at the tail end of the dirigible. They also set a direct flame and not an initial spark to the paint. In addition, when they set fire to a small portion of the skin covered in â€Å"dope†they did not allow a reaction time. Reminder that witnesses said they saw an orange-red flame at the tail end of the dirigible. ) While examining the mystery of the Hindenburg, you will notice that at 7:20 the crowd has noticed a slight spark at the tail end; and at 7:23 the airship has started to come down in flames. It took approximately 24 seconds for th e Hindenburg to burn from tail to nose. The Mythbuster gang’s Hindenburg models took times that consist of 1 minute and 37 seconds, 57 second, and 52 seconds. In order to declare this busted, one must allow for every possible variable that could have been presented on May 6th in New Jersey.Other factors that could pose a problem against the Mythbusters are considerations that any man can conjure up and present. For example, the experiment was conducted inside and on the day on the disaster there was a high wind issue. In order for fire to burn rapidly it has to have a large supply of oxygen. The atmosphere consists of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, oxygen is most of that. Another problem could have been that the Hindenburg had gasbags filled with hydrogen and the Mythbusters â€Å"generally†filled the down-scale model with hydrogen, not separating the â€Å"dope†paint skin and the hydrogen contact.If the skin would have been directly lying on the hydrogen in the Hindenburg, it would have taken far less time to burn or might have actually â€Å"exploded†. Another myth that has spread widely is that the Hindenburg was painted with pure rocket fuel. As stated previously, the â€Å"dope†consisted of aluminum powder and cellulose acetate butyrate. Though it contains rocket fuel ingredients it is not painted fully and only rocket fuel. It is also and ingredient in thermite incendiary, which explains why scientist concluded the Hindenburg fire to be a thermite reaction. Fe2O3+2Al ? Al2O3+2Fe) is the chemical equation for a thermite reaction. A thermite reaction is an exothermic reaction. Meaning when its compounds react with one another they put off heat instead of absorbing energy, or an endothermic reaction. Also, when you burn metals together they tend to have a orange or red flame†¦ the Hindenburg burnt orange-red) Aluminum powder was in bedded in the â€Å"dope†compound. This byproduct is mostly found in the co ntents of rocket fuel or rocket propellants.It is often mistakenly said that the Hindenburg was painted with rocket fuel but this conclusion is only partially correct. The aluminum powder itself, if extremely fine, can form flammable and explosive mixtures in the air. Basically, the Hindenburg was not painted with rocket fuel. The next suggestion is that the Mythbusters did not allow for weather conditions to be taken into consideration. On May 6th, 1937, it was told to be raining which is a reason the Hindenburg did not land at it designated time. It was delayed over the Atlantic for several hours.Some scientist have asked, if it had been a spark that ignited the paint then it would have had to generate enough energy to first evaporate dew off of skin and then still possess enough energy to ignite the â€Å"dope†on the skin. Once again, the skin was made of aluminum powder and cellulose acetate butyrate. CAB contains low moisture absorption. It effectively resists weatherin g and ultra-violet radiation. Though it is not effective against alcohol, alkalis, paint removers, and acetones. Since the compound contained aluminum powder, an alkaline metal, could this have over powered it so the â€Å"dope†paint absorbed a small amount of water?It could have, but only if the aluminum powder was in a ration of 50 to 1. It might have been wiser for the German makers to obtain helium rather that hydrogen. Helium does not burn. It is a monatomic gas, or having replaced one atom. Since helium already contains 8 electrons it is a noble gas. This property makes it highly un-reactive because it is already considered to be happy with its eight electrons in its outer most shell. The problem with using hydrogen in the Hindenburg is that it only contains one valence electron which can cause it to highly reactive to almost any element it comes into contact with.The wiser decision for the makers of the Hindenburg would have been to use the less reactive helium instea d of the highly reactive hydrogen. In conclusion, I believe the hydrogen is not the cause of the Hindenburg disaster. Though it is a major factor with its rapid fire spread it is not the main cause. In my opinion, the cause is that a small lighting bolt had hit where the body and the tail fin connected. Where the covering of the body tries to match that of the tail fin. This makes sense because the tail fins were coated with a lighter coating of the â€Å"dope†paint. This is the location the hydrogen is being released.A spark hit the paint at this specific spot causing the paint to ignite and causing a chain reaction with the paint and the hydrogen. If hydrogen was being released at a specific temperature and a specific pressure around the area of ignition, it may have caused the â€Å"explosion†on the Hindenburg. When hydrogen comes in contact with a flame the hydrogen extinguishes the flame, but when a combination of hydrogen along with air (oxygen) are presented w ith a flame, the hydrogen will persist to terminate the flame but then the air with reignite it. This is because a fire cannot burn without the presence of oxygen.Additionally, a hydrogen reaction (2H+O2? 2H2O) is an exothermic reaction, the same as the thermite within the â€Å"dope†paint. With the hydrogen putting of heat when it reacted and the thermite releasing heat as it reacted it caused the temperature of the skin to increase to an immeasurable heat. This most likely caused the aluminum powder within the â€Å"dope†to become a lose particle in the air. Another point that may have added to the release of the aluminum powder could be the Hindenburg had been hit before by lightning bolts and caused small burn holes on the top half of the Hindenburg and caused no fire.Analyzing that the statement before is true, there may have been a chance that the aluminum powder from the â€Å"dope†paint could have escaped where the lightning bolt had struck. Therefore it caused a reaction between the oxygen in the air and the aluminum powder. Furthermore my conclusion is the hydrogen is not the initial cause of the fire but the â€Å"dope†paint itself. Again this is my opinion and you, as the reader, are free to interoperate the data and conclude to your own opinion because to interoperate the true cause of the Hindenburg is a personal preference one must do on one’s own.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Grammar and Writing Tips - Correlative Conjunctions Can You Both Have Your Cake and Eat it too
Grammar and Writing Tips - Correlative Conjunctions Can You Both Have Your Cake and Eat it too If you are writing a college essay, resume or cover letter, you will benefit from this grammar tip on structuring sentences using correlative conjunctions. A correlative conjunction is a conjunction used with another conjunction that is necessary to complete the thought. Both/and is a popular correlative conjunction pair. (Other common examples are either/or and not only/but also.) The word â€Å"both,†when used as a correlative conjunction, is always paired with the word â€Å"and.†For example, â€Å"I like both John and his dad.†Here’s the tricky part of correlative conjunctions: The objects or actions they refer to, i.e., the items that fall both before and after the second conjunction (in this case â€Å"and†) MUST be parallel in construction. They must, for example, be two nouns or two verbs or two of the same SOMETHING. In the examples above, â€Å"John†and â€Å"his dad†are both nouns and are thus parallel; â€Å"before†and â€Å"after†are both prepositions and are thus parallel. Here are some more correct ways to use both/and: CORRECT: That day I saw both the sunrise and the sunset. [â€Å"the sunrise†is parallel to â€Å"the sunset.†] CORRECT: That day I saw the sun both rise and set. [â€Å"rise†is parallel to â€Å"set.†] What people often do is to insert their conjunctions in the wrong place. Fix #1: INCORRECT: Why is it so hard to accept that someone can both be a woman and a doctor? See how the phrase after â€Å"both†(â€Å"be a woman†) is not parallel to the phrase after â€Å"and†(â€Å"a doctor†)? â€Å"Be a woman†is a verb phrase, but â€Å"a doctor†is a noun phrase. How can we fix it? Just move the word â€Å"both†: CORRECT: Why is it so hard to accept that someone can be both a woman and a doctor? [â€Å"a woman†is parallel to â€Å"a doctor.†] Fix #2: INCORRECT: I was interrogated for hours both in Italian and English. [â€Å"in Italian†is not parallel to â€Å"English.†] CORRECT: I was interrogated for countless hours in both Italian and English. [â€Å"Italian†is parallel to â€Å"English.†] Fix #3: INCORRECT: I’ve always been committed to progress both in my knowledge and skills. [See the error?] CORRECT: I’ve always been committed to progress in both my knowledge and my skills. [â€Å"my knowledge is parallel to â€Å"my skills.†] Fix #4 INCORRECT: I realized I could use this skill both to help myself and the entire student body. CORRECT: I realized I could use this skill to help both myself and the entire student body. These errors are often hard to catch in your own writing. They are extremely common! I recommend doing a search for the word â€Å"both†in your document. Did you use your correlative conjunctions correctly? Let us know what you found! Need more writing help? Contact The Essay Expert for a FREE 15 minute consultation.
Monday, October 21, 2019
coca-cola and marketing essays
coca-cola and marketing essays The term mass marketing refers to production-oriented approach that vaguely aims at everyone with the same marketing mix (Definition in Marketing, 2004), in mass marketing, the seller mass produce, mass distributes and mass promotes one product to all buyers (Kotler, Adam, Brown and Arstrong 2003). Refer this to the Coca-cola in the early time when the company just started its beverage business, the company didnt have many different kinds of beverage products available on the market compare to today, the only thing on the market at that time was the original flavour coke. This single product was made for the entire market. Later on, after a fast pace of company development, Coca-cola realised that different customers have different needs, one single product can only satisfy one or two group of customers, With mass marketing, the company face the risk of losing other group of customers. Relatively target marketing is more efficiency in this situation, to selecting and developing a num ber of offerings to meet the needs of a number of specific market segments (e-tadreeb.com, 2004). Todays Coca-cola produces soft drinks for the sugared-cola segment - Coca cola), the diet segment - Diet Coke and Coke Light), the no-caffeine segment - Caffeine Free Diet Coke and the non-cola, fruit based segment - Sprite, Fanta and Lift. Recently, Coca Cola has launched low-carb colas to meet the need of extreme healthy pursuer, such product is claimed to has half the calories, sugar and carbohydrates of regular cola (Harris. Rebecca, 2004), the major benefit for company like Coca-cola to use targeting marketing is to cover the entire market in order to gaining market share by satisfy each segment in the market. One of best examples of companies whose marketing approaches have evolved over time is Pepsi. Similarly, Pepsi has also developed from sole product to multi range products try to meet the needs of all the segments in a market. ...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Why You Shouldnt Mix Bleach With Ammonia
Why You Shouldn't Mix Bleach With Ammonia The chemical reactions involved in mixing bleach and ammonia produce extremely dangerous toxic vapors. Thus, its important to understand some first aid advice in case youre accidentally exposed to a bleach and ammonia mixture. Noxious Fumes and Poisonous Reactions The primary toxic chemical formed by this reaction is chloramine vapor, which has the potential to form hydrazine. Chloramines are a group of related compounds well-known to be respiratory irritants. In addition to respiratory irritation, hydrazine can also cause edema, headache, nausea, and seizures. Mixing bleach and ammonia also produces chlorine gas, which has been used as a chemical weapon. Two common ways to accidentally mix these chemicals include: Mixing cleaning products (generally a bad idea)Using chlorine bleach to disinfect water that contains organic matter (i.e., pond water) Chemicals Produced Note that each of these chemicals but water and salt is toxic: NH3 ammoniaHCl hydrochloric acidNaOCl sodium hypochlorite (bleach)Cl chlorineCl2 chlorine gasNH2Cl chloramineN2H4 hydrazineNaCl sodium chloride or saltH2O water Likely Chemical Reactions Bleach decomposes to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with ammonia to form toxic chloramine fumes. First, hydrochloric acid forms. NaOCl → NaOH HOCl HOCl → HCl O Next, the ammonia and chlorine gas react to form chloramine, which is released as a vapor. NaOCl 2HCl → Cl2 NaCl H2O 2NH3 Cl2 → 2NH2Cl If ammonia is present in excess (which it may or may not be, depending on your mixture), toxic and potentially explosive liquid hydrazine may form. While impure hydrazine tends not to explode, it does have the potential to boil and spray hot, chemically toxic liquid. 2NH3 NaOCl → N2H4 NaCl H2O First Aid When Exposed If you become exposed to fumes from mixing bleach and ammonia, immediately remove yourself from the area to fresh air and seek emergency medical attention. While the vapors may attack your eyes and mucous membranes, the biggest threat derives from inhaling the gases. Get away from the site where the chemicals were mixed. You cant call for help if you are overwhelmed by the fumes.Call 911 for emergency help. If you feel that 911 is unwarranted, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for advice on handling the effects of exposure and chemical cleanup.If you find someone unconscious who you believe is suffering from inhalation of bleach/ammonia compound, try to remove the person to fresh air, preferably outdoors. Call 911 for emergency assistance. Do not hang up until instructed to do so.Seek proper cleanup and disposal instructions from Poison Control. Such a mistake is most likely to be made in a bathroom or kitchen, so thoroughly ventilate the area before returning to dispose of the compound and start cleanup.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
The Contribution of Academic Research to Accounting and Financial Essay
The Contribution of Academic Research to Accounting and Financial Regulation - Essay Example 1). Despite the contribution of academic research in advancing theory, however, Coetsee (2010, p. 1) pointed out that no comprehensive theory in accounting has emerged. I have used only accounting journals except one which is a journal in management. I believe that the definitions of â€Å"accounting†and â€Å"financial regulation†in the journals have the same standard and the definitions are basically common in the profession. There can significant variations, however, in the area of financial regulation as the definitions can reflect theories on how financial regulation can best be implemented. In any case, the specific definition of accounting and financial regulation follows what the author or authors have used in their works. Some of the authors do not even have a definition of â€Å"accounting†and â€Å"financial regulation†, perhaps as a tacit assumption that there is a usual definition of the concepts in the accounting journals anyway. ... 273). Academic research is usually associated with research that is undertaken for its own sake, something done for the advancement of knowledge. It is different from the other kind of research which is usually described as policy-oriented. Academic research is usually found in journals while policy institutes, government, financial regulators, and consultancy groups usually undertake policy research. Although academic research is usually described as theory-oriented, in accounting it seems difficult to separate the theory part and the parts that are relevant for corporate governance. Baker and Barbu credited the academic community for improving rigor and theoretical underpinning in their research and the said factors contributed a lot in the major step in the harmonization of accounting standards in Europe (Baker and Barbu 2007, p. 273). Between 1965 to 2004, the academic community had an increasing output of academic research related to the international harmonization of financial standards (Baker and Barbu 2007, p. 276). However, the idea of creating a conceptual framework to facilitate accounting harmonization was introduced much earlier or in the 1940s (Baker and Barbu 2007, p. 280). In the 1980s, an important role played by accounting academic research is that the research pointed out that cultural and economic factors play important roles in shaping differences in accounting practices by countries (Baker and Barbu 2007, p. 280-281). Another sub-theme that had been prominent during the 1980s is the role played by history in shaping the accounting practices adopted by countries (Baker and Barbu 2007, p. 281). During the mid-1990s, the arguments towards accounting uniformity played an
Friday, October 18, 2019
Political Discourse Analyzing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Political Discourse Analyzing - Essay Example I have a dream speech by Martin Luther King is one of the speeches that have stayed popular for a long time in the whole world. Taking an excerpt from the speech, â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood†. The connection is evident that sons in either case are son which is the bottom line. According to Goddard, (1998), and Hutcheon, (2000), stylistically the speech is a political treatise, or a work of poetry delivered masterfully like an improvised sermon. Former slave owners and former slaves are both able to bear sons and become like brothers. This connection is that former slave owners and former slaves are supposed to be like brothers. But Martin Luther King could see this in a dream that would come true (Morris, &, Hirst, 1991; Halliday, 1985). The bursting biblical language and imagery used especially in the first parts of the sp eech portrays a picture of seething American nightmare of racial segregation against the blacks. The former slave owners are the whites and the former slaves are the blacks. His use of the phrase, â€Å"now is the time†. For example, now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all God’s children. ... A greater part of King’s approach was more visionary and eloquence to the non violent movement against black segregation in America. The second part of the speech deals with the dream in a fairer future of racial harmony and integration (Halliday, 1978; Todorova, 1999). The part of the speech that says; I say to you today, my friends, that inspire of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. The repetition of this phrase continually emphasizes in driving home Martin Luther King’s inspirational concepts. Coherence Coherence serves as a quick way to analyze the overall form rather than the content of an argument in a speech. The coherence through parallel structure was highly applied by Martin Luther King in his speech. The reader or listener can easily predict what King is about to say. Looking at the speech, it presents a powerful rhetorical effect of using parallel structure to create refrai n. For example, I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. This sentence can easily be connected to the following: With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we be free one day. The linguistic features are powerful determinants of similarities and differences between registers. I have a dream today stretches cohesion to the inter clause, inter sentence and inter paragraph
Discuss the details of the Marshall Plan in comparison with the Essay
Discuss the details of the Marshall Plan in comparison with the Morgenthau Plan.ReasonsRepercussionsProfits U.S. get - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that the Morgenthau Plan existed as an underprivileged policy choice. As a result, it forced Germany into a decline and deindustrialization hurting the rest of the world in relation to economics and world security. It may be argued that this was a major factor in initiating the Second World War. On the other hand, the Marshall Plan was noted to create righteous circles of growth resulting to being the most favorable policy that developing nations ought to use (Fulbrook 16). The Morgenthau Plan was not implemented because this plan stressed on reindustrialization. As a result, it depressed carrying capacity in relation to population, forced institutions to failure, and agricultural yields to severely decline. It is worth noting that globalization acts on all emerging nations in the same way the Morgenthau Plan operated on Germany post-World War I. While globalization brought nothing but regression to low-income countries, it conveyed more wealth and prosperity t o high-income states. Thus, instead of a merging of income, there is a rising divergence of nation’s proceeds. This was notably not in line to what the European countries required to save them from the effects of the war. It is worth noting that the war left Europe in dreadful economic shape. ... This resulted to the United States to implement the Marshall Plan to aid in the reduction of the awful aftermath of the war. The U.S., therefore, helped reconstruct the economic well-being and potency of European society. It is worth noting that this was not just a humanitarian aid, but was the finest way to combat communism in Europe. This is because the European nations accepting U.S. aid needed to function as an economic unit. Moreover, a reconstructed Europe would benefit the United States by yet again being able to purchase American factory and farm harvests. More significantly, a frugally strong Europe would halt the spread of communalism (Turner and Henry 209). However, the Soviets rejected Marshall’s request to help grow a plan to rebuild Europe. They (Soviets) said that his plan stood as an arrangement to rule Europe economically. The Eastern European nations that were under Soviets control, therefore, failed to participate. In a meeting that took place in Paris in 19 47, America was disappointed in the direction the plan was taking. This is because 16 Western European nations came with a distinct â€Å"shopping list," list†, other than taking a unified plan for Europe as a whole. Moreover, western Germany that was occupied by Britain, France, and the United States was thought to remain economically unstable hence not eligible to receive much of the Marshall Plan aid. The French assumed this would stop Germany from ever again going to combat. However, Marshall stressed the significance of full German participation. He saw it as essential for the economic recapture of Western Europe. The Marshall Plan was noted to do numerous necessary things. These were providing philanthropic aid for
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Dq-8-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Dq-8-Terence - Coursework Example The characteristic of believing on internet communication over traditional boardroom meetings is both beneficial and disadvantageous to the generation. For instance, another trait that this generation has is being team oriented. The ladies and gentlemen who fall in this group are always striving to be part of the taskforce in charge of doing various assigned duties. It can be argued that this trait was obtained when these people were growing up as they played in teams and everyone struggled to participate. The millennial has grown up to be a generation that supports teamwork due to this factor. Being on the internet for close to 24 hours is one way through which this group enhances teamwork. Internet communication channels create a platform where people coordinate their work despite the distances. The Y generation is also characterized with boys and girls who love being given attention so much. The individuals in this age group will always struggle to seek attention through what they say, their dress code, and how they socialize. Due to this, the millennial generation is always engaging in extra ordinary deeds so that they can be noticed by everyone around. This can be beneficial in the sense that workers from this generation can be innovative. However, it can also be the cause of many uncalculated steps being taken by people in the society just for the sake of seeking attention. Some changes maybe observed in work environments as the Y Generation enters managerial posts, some of these changes maybe positive while others maybe negative. Implementation of the positive changes on certain fields may better the organizational success. For instance, since this is an ambitious generation, the productivity of the organization is likely to be seen that is when they really push their stuff to work harder and achieve higher
Citizen Kane Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Citizen Kane - Movie Review Example But Charles is not able to adjust himself to the new group. One of the main reasons for this could be that Charles was never able to identify with Mr. Tatcher. This becomes more evident when Charles tells Mr. Tatcher and Mr. Burnsteen that he might have been a really great man if he weren't rich. When one is forced to do something outside his/her interest or values, he/she is subject to feelings of tension and stress. To handle this discomfort, one uses various coping methods. One of the main coping methods Charles was using was to act out and refuse to cope with the situation. Charles then goes on to get expelled from many prestigious colleges. His expulsion surely was not an indication that he was an inefficient person. The fact was that Charles Kane had turned into a rebel. When the parents he trusted so much give him away, it leaves Charles with a bitter feeling of betrayal. It causes him anger and he seeks revenge. He seeks revenge not just by getting expelled from colleges, but also when he has to make a choice to start his career, he refuses to take over wealthy gold mines, oil wells, shipping companies and real estate agencies. Instead he chooses to take over 'The New York Daily Inquirer', a newspaper that is on the verge of being closed. His thirst for revenge is all the more evident when he declares that he would like to win all that Mr. Tatcher hates. One of the stages in Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development is 'Identity v/s Role Confusion'. At this point of time, we get to see that Charles as a young adult had not been able to develop a n identity and instead was confused about the role he was playing. Time passes by and Charles' quest for love begins in a big way. Charles marries Emily Monroe Norton, niece of the US President. Charles marries for love. He also enters politics to win the love of the voters. But both, his marriage and career in politics come to an end with his extra marital affair with Susan Alexander getting revealed. What draws Charles to Susan is her innocence and simplicity. She reminds him his simple childhood. Charles later on marries Susan and bribes her in all the ways possible to win her love. But Charles fails to give Susan what she wants and even his second marriage comes to an end with Susan leaving him in his estate. At this point, another stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development that comes to mind is 'Ego Integrity v/s Despair'. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. Charles is all by himself in the last few years of his life and has none of his loved ones by the side of his death bed. The words Charles utters just before his last breath catches the attention of the reporters, but none of them are able to understand its significance. He just says, "Rosebud". Initially, when Tatcher was at Charles' Parents' house to pick him up, Charles shoves a sled at Tatcher and pushes him away. Until then, Charles was enjoying himself in the snow with this same sled. The two words painted on the sled was 'Rosebud'. Charles leaves behind that sled in his parents' house. Tatcher gifts him a new sled for the next Christmas, but it never replaces the 'rosebud' sled in Charles' heart. In the last few
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Dq-8-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Dq-8-Terence - Coursework Example The characteristic of believing on internet communication over traditional boardroom meetings is both beneficial and disadvantageous to the generation. For instance, another trait that this generation has is being team oriented. The ladies and gentlemen who fall in this group are always striving to be part of the taskforce in charge of doing various assigned duties. It can be argued that this trait was obtained when these people were growing up as they played in teams and everyone struggled to participate. The millennial has grown up to be a generation that supports teamwork due to this factor. Being on the internet for close to 24 hours is one way through which this group enhances teamwork. Internet communication channels create a platform where people coordinate their work despite the distances. The Y generation is also characterized with boys and girls who love being given attention so much. The individuals in this age group will always struggle to seek attention through what they say, their dress code, and how they socialize. Due to this, the millennial generation is always engaging in extra ordinary deeds so that they can be noticed by everyone around. This can be beneficial in the sense that workers from this generation can be innovative. However, it can also be the cause of many uncalculated steps being taken by people in the society just for the sake of seeking attention. Some changes maybe observed in work environments as the Y Generation enters managerial posts, some of these changes maybe positive while others maybe negative. Implementation of the positive changes on certain fields may better the organizational success. For instance, since this is an ambitious generation, the productivity of the organization is likely to be seen that is when they really push their stuff to work harder and achieve higher
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Legal homework 3B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Legal homework 3B - Essay Example Two is the principle of beneficence. This principle aims to engage in numerous beneficial activities as possible. Beneficence holds that health experts should attempt to benefit the sick. Therefore, in this case, it is presumed that the duty of the nurse is prevent any situation which may pose a threat to Judy, for example, not leaving the bathroom door open. Third is the principle of non-maleficence which entails preventing or minimizing harm (Armstrong, 2007). The hospital takes the precaution of checking on Judy after every fifteen minutes. This is aimed at preventing or minimizing harm to Judy. The nurse was not negligent for unlocking the bathroom door and allowing Judy to shower by herself. This is because she established in her expert view it was fitting to unlock the bathroom door so that Judy could take a shower. In a 1996 case involving Busta and the Columbus Hospital Corporation, The Montana Supreme Court upheld the decision and order given by the District Court of the Eig hth Judicial District. The court jury established that the negligence of the Columbus Hospital and that of the patient led to the injuries and consequent death of the patient. In this case the nurse was deemed not negligent in the events leading to the death of the patient. ... It was not below the standard of care that the nurse left the bathroom door unlocked when the psychiatrist came to see Judy. The nurse did not see the psychiatrist vacating Judy’s room. In addition, the psychiatrist did not inform the nurse when leaving the room and had left Judy alone. Therefore, there is no way the nurse could go to check on the patient. Also, the nurse observed the standard of care by checking on the patient after fifteen minutes (Armstrong, 2007). There is a greater duty to this patient from an ethical point of view. This is because nurses have a responsibility of making sure that patients capable of suicidal actions are properly dealt with. In addition, nurses have the duty of effectively monitoring and assessing patients and conveying these examinations to all individuals involved in the health care delivery team. Nurses also have a duty of telling the truth (Armstrong, 2007). Patients in danger deserve frankness as to their exposure and manner of interv ention. Health experts with significant opinions regarding suicide should refer the patient elsewhere or reveal them. There are several ethical principles which should be taken into account when caring for such a patient. One is the danger to self. Danger to self may incorporate failure to attend to basic requirements, for example, showering, or suicidal attempts or ideation. In numerous fields, information of intention to engage in suicidal activities needs a health care practitioner to act instantly to stop the suicide. Two is consent and involuntary treatment. The health expert should make a decision on whether to hold the patient against his desire (Armstrong, 2007). Holding a patient against his desire may be indispensable
Natural Law and Sexual Ethics by Janet Smith Essay Example for Free
Natural Law and Sexual Ethics by Janet Smith Essay I am honored to be among the lecturers in this series on natural law. Many of the speakers are among my heroes and friends. One of my heroes, Alasdair MacIntyre, used one of his favorite terms in his talk: he spoke of plain persons and their grasp of morality and natural law in contradistinction to the experts and professional philosophers and their grasp of these matters. A few years ago in Dallas he gave a talk entitled Do plain persons need to be moral philosophers? When I was asked to give the response to his talk, I was most honored because I considered Prof. MacIntyre one of the foremost moral philosophers in the world and it was a thrill to comment on his work. I felt dreadfully underqualified  I felt like some high school kid going up against Larry Bird  until I realized that I need not respond as an expert, as a moral philosopher of his caliber, but that I could respond as the quintessential plain person  for that is what I am. After all, I am Janet Smith, daughter of John and Anne Smith; I grew up at 5 Hill Street and went to Home Street School  I could go on but it is all very plain. The point I am making here is not merely a flip one  designed to ease us into more serious matters through an attempt at humor. There is a serious point here  natural law, is the plain persons morality  in a sense it is simply plain old common sense. There are profound and sophisticated ways at explaining natural law, but the practiceof reasoning in accord with natural law principals, according to the theory itself, is natural to plain persons  that is, natural to all mankind for natural law holds that many of the most fundamental principles of moral reasoning are obvious, that is easily known by all. Yet, in spite of the plain commonsensicalness of natural law, it can seem shocking and provocative in many ways, for like natural law, plain old common sense does not command a lot of followers these days and can be shocking when juxtaposed to the values of our times. My talk is going to be very basic in several respects. It will review some of the basic principles that other speakers have covered, some in depth, some more in passing. It will also be very basic in being the one talk that attempts to make an application of natural law to concrete moral issues; issues in the realm of sexual ethics. My job is not to justify natural law ethics but to explain it and apply it. As did many of the earlier speakers I will largely be following the thought of Thomas Aquinas on these matters and of Aristotle from whom Aquinas learned many of the principles that informed his teaching on natural law. I shall also incorporate into my arguments the thought of another stellar natural law theorist, still alive and well: I shall make use of the work of Karol Wojtyla, now known as Pope John Paul II. I will refer to him as Wojtyla simply because I do not want to be thought to be invoking his authority as Holy Father; I cite him simply as a philosopher who has made great advances of our understanding of natural law, particularly in regard to sexual ethics. So let me begin with a review of the principles of natural law. As several other speakers have noted, Aquinas maintains that the first principle of natural law is do good, avoid evil. As he notes, that is a self-evident principle and obvious to all; if we want to be moral we should do good and avoid evil. No controversy here. The question is, of course, what is good and what is evil and how to we come to know which is which? Some think we cant know what is good and evil so the best we can do is live by the conventions of our times. Others think it best to let our passions be our guide to whatever we want to do. Others think only revealed religion can give us absolutes. These three positions capture the predominant views of our times. Aquinas holds none of these positions. He argues that reason should be our guide to morality. Not only does he hold that the first principle of natural law, do good, avoid evil is self-evident, he argues that there are other self-evident first principles, such as harm no man. These he says are imprinted in the minds of all by God; I believe other precepts such as provide responsibly for your offspring, give to each man his due and seek knowledge would qualify as precepts that Aquinas thinks all men know. Men (and I use the term generically here and throughout) may act against these precepts out of passion or because ignorance of some fact operative in a situation, but all would agree that such principles are moral truths. Aquinas goes on to say that what he calls primary precepts of natural law are naturally and immediately known by man; he cites the 10 commandments as examples of these types of precepts. These precepts are justified by the primary principles. From the most general principle give to each man his due, from an understanding of what one owes to ones mother and father, it is clear that one should honor ones father and mother. Now this is not to say that one discovers the moral law by discovering these precepts in a deductive manner moving from the most general to the more particular. Rather, it seems that often moral discovery, as the discovery of other general truths, moves from the particular to the universal. That is, an individual could witness or participate in a transaction and quite immediately make the moral judgment that the act is good or bad. That is, for instance, an individual could witness someone honoring or dishonoring his parents and judge the action to be good or bad; from this action and others of the same sort one may come to formulate the law that one should give each man his due. But it is because we already naturally know  in an unexpressed and unformulated way  that one should give each man his due, that we are able to see readily that honoring ones parents is good. Much in the same way that we, without musical training, can judge certain tones to be off pitch, we have moral perceptions that some actions are good and some bad, without having any explicit training about such kinds of actions. I speak of these as moral perceptions not because they are equivalent to sense perceptions, but because of their immediacy and their unformulated quality; indeed, I believe them to be rational in several important respects, not least because they are cognitive acts and they are in accord with reality. Let me speak now about rationality and the Thomistic claim that one should act rationally. Indeed, one could formulate the first principle of natural law not only in the most basic formula do good, avoid evil; in Thomistic terms, several formulas serve to express the same truth: for Aquinas, the following phrases are synonymous: act in accord with nature; act in accord with reason or act rationally; act in accord with virtue; act in accord with the dignity of the human person; act in accord with a well formed conscience; indeed, act in a loving way, properly understood, serves as well. While it would be of great profit to elaborate how each of these phrases is synonymous with the other, I want to devote most of my efforts here to explaining how act in accord with nature and act in accord with reason are synonymous and worthy guides to moral behavior. First we must try to get as clear as we can what it means to say act in accord with reason or act rationally. In our day, reason often gets a bum rap. This is a fault not of Aristotle or Aquinas but of Descartes and Kant and their followers. Since they retreated into the mind and abandoned the senses and emotions and nature as guides to truth, they made reason seem like something coldly logical, impersonal, abstract and completely devoid of experiential and emotional content. In their view, mathematics and geometry are seen as the quintessential rational acts; to be rational is to operate totally within ones mind and to be completely unemotional. Another view of rationality that dominates modern times is the view that only that which can be measured scientifically deserves any recognition as objective truth. No truths other than those substantiated by scientific proofs  truths that can be quantified largely in the laboratory  count as truth. No proof other than scientific proofs count as truth; only science and that which approximates to scientific truth is truly rational. Neither view is the view of reason and rationality held by the ancients and medievalists  those who defined the view of natural law I am defending here. The ancients and medievalists did not think rationality was possible without the senses and the emotions for both are tools to reading reality; they provide the intellect with the material needed to make a good judgment. The etymology of the word rational is rooted in the word ratio which means measure or proportion. One is being rational when ones thought and action are measured to, are proportionate with, or when ones thought and action correspond with reality (which itself is measured or governed by discernable laws; more about this momentarily). The thought that leads to acting in accord with reality is called rational. Now this thought need not be and perhaps only rarely will be the kind of abstract, cold, logical reasoning of a Descartes, Kant, or research scientist. This thought can be intuitive, creative, poetic, inductive, deductive, indeed, whatever human thought can be. It is all called rational thought not because it proceeds by syllogism or because it is subject to certain scientific tests; it is called rational because it corresponds with reality  and this includes all of reality, the spiritual and the transcendental as well as the logically provable and the scientifically measurable reality. Such thought cannot proceed without abundant data from our senses and our emotions. The intellect processes such data and orders it; it determines what values are important in the data and decides on the appropriate response. If one acts rationally, one then acts in accord with the ordering done by the intellect. While the intellect should govern the emotions, it is not a natural law teaching that all rational behavior will be devoid of emotion. Again, the emotions can provide essential data to the intellect. Emotions that are well-habituated may lead one quite spontaneously to respond correctly to situations. One may spontaneously get angry at witnessing some act of injustice and, if one knows ones emotions to be well-ordered, one could respond quite immediately and correctly to the situation  and even angrily to the situation. Indeed, at times it may be an appropriate response to reality to rant and rave. One doing so, is properly called rational, in spite of our common parlance. This talk of the mind and of rationality as something that is measured to reality suggests, as mentioned above, that reality is a thing that can be grasped. Natural law depends upon such. It rests upon the claim that things have natures and essences that we can know and correspond our actions to. There are many reasons for making this claim. One is the fact that things act in a predictable fashion; when we learn the properties of oil and water, for instance, we can predict certain things about their behavior. The fact that we build bridges which stand, that we make artificial hearts that work, that we put men on the moon, also indicates we are able to measure our thoughts to the external world and to act in accord with it. Moreover, natural law operates on the premise that nature is good; that is, that the way things naturally are is good for them to be; it holds that the operations of things and parts of things contribute to the good of the whole. The wings of different birds are shaped in certain fashions because of the sort of flying that they must do to survive; different digestive systems work in different ways because of what is being digested. Indeed, natural law holds that the natural instincts of natural things are good; they lead them to do what helps those things function well and helps them survive. Since natural things have an order there is said to be a ratio or order to them; not one of which they are conscious but one that is written into their functioning. Natural law holds that we live in a universe of things that have a ratio to them and that we shall get the best out of these things if we act in accord with the ratio or nature that is written into them. Now, man is a natural thing. He, too, has parts and operations and instincts that enable him to function well and to survive. Man differs from other creatures in that he has free will; that is, he can either cooperate with his nature or act against his nature, whereas other natural things have no such freedom. What enables man to be free is his reason, his rationality; he is able to weigh and measure different courses of action and to determine which actions are good or bad. According to natural law, those actions are good which accord with his nature and with the nature of other things. Since man is by nature a rational animal, it is good for him to act in accord with his reason. By acting rationally he is acting in accord with his own nature and with a reality that is also ordered. When he acts rationally, he acts in accord with his own nature and reality and in accord with the nature and reality of other things. Now, lets get concrete. Lets talk about acting in accord with the nature of a few specific things. Take tomato plants, for instance. Tomato plants have a certain nature. In order to have good tomato plants one must act towards these plants in accord with their nature; one must water them, give them sunlight and good soil if one wants to produce good tomato plants. Such is acting in accord with nature in respect to tomato plants, such is rational behavior in respect to tomato plants. If ones tomato plants fail to produce tomatoes, one knows that one is doing something wrong; if ones tomato plants produce good tomatoes, one knows one is doing something right. Prof. Charlie Rice, whose book Fifty Questions on Natural Law that I understand several of you are reading, speaks of the rationality of putting oil and not molasses in the engine of a car. One needs to act in accord with the nature of things if one wishes them to perform well. So now let us, moving quickly, move to human nature. If a human being wishes to function and perform well, what does his nature require of him? Let us begin with his physical nature. There is a considerable consensus about what makes for physical health and what is conducive to physical health. Those who dont get sick, who are able to function well in their daily activities, who are not overweight, we call healthy. We know how to produce such individuals. We are regularly and rightly advised to eat well, exercise regularly, and to get plenty of sleep. Those who do so generally flourish physically  because they are acting in accord with nature, with reason, and with reality. Psychological health is also understood to some extent; we know we need friends and rest and interests to sustain our psychological health; that is our nature; that is reality. Nor are we in the dark about what makes for moral health or moral goodness. We recognize the goodness of the various virtues such as self-discipline, reliability, justice and fairness, kindness, truthfulness, loyalty, etc. those who exhibit these qualities we generally recognize to be good  that is morally good  human beings. Parents who have children who display such qualities are rightly proud of them; their tomato plants turned out well. So, in regard to sexual behavior, to sexual moral health, so to speak, what qualifies as acting in accord with nature, with reason? How do we determine what it is? Now, for Aquinas, these are not difficult questions, though, apparently, they are extremely difficult questions for modern times. We are terribly confused about what proper sexual behavior is. College newspapers are filled with news of campuses that are devising codes of moral sexual behavior  codes that are designed primarily to stop or reduce the incidence of date rape on campus. These codes suggest, mandate, require  I am not certain what is the correct word  that in sexual activity neither individual proceed to the next level of sexual activity without obtaining the permission of the other individual. These codes reflect what has been the principle governing sexual behavior in modern times for sometime  whatever one feels comfortable with and whatever one agrees to is morally o. . This is basically what we are teaching to our young people and they are doing much what one would expect given that teaching. As long as it feels good, and they have consented to it, there is no reason for them not to do it. Is this working; is this principle leading to moral health or moral sickness? What can we say about the moral sexual health of our society? What does the fact that 68% of African-American babies are born out of wedlock suggest? The figure is now 22% in the white community and rapidly growing.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Perceptive Fields and the Hermann Grid Illusion
Perceptive Fields and the Hermann Grid Illusion Measuring Perceptive fields using the Hermann Grid Illusion Lachlan Cox Abstract This study looks at how displacement of the fovea changes how the Hermann Grid illusion is shown at different bar widths. The first hypothesis was that the bar width at which the illusion was maximal would increase with increased eccentricity. The second hypothesis was the bar width at which the illusion would increase the higher eccentricity. The study was carried out on 228 participants and after the study was completed it was seen that the first hypothesis was confirmed, and while the means showed a positive correlation in the second hyposthesis, there was not a significant difference between two of the levels of the IV. Introduction There are a broad spectrum of topics that psychology delves into, from how the brain works to how people interact with the world and those around them. Many psychologist study how the brain perceives the world and how it can be fooled whilst been given the same raw data everyone else has. However, this study is going to be centralized around the eyes, and how they can be giving the brain false information before it even gets there. This experiment will focus on the measurement of perceptive fields at altered distances from the fovea. To test this, altered bar widths will be used within a Hermann Grid Illusion. A Hermann Grid Illusion is a black background that is covered by intersecting horizontal and vertical white line, giving the illusion of even black squares (Schiller and Carvey, 2005). This phenomenon was first attributed to simultaneous contrast, which was described by Hermann as being â€Å"The apparent brightness of each point on the grid depends on the amount of black which exists in a certain area around it (1870. As cited in Spillmann, 1994). From this, Hermann stipulates that when there are larger white bars, peripheral contrast is less as there is less black to contrast. This is explained as â€Å"Its brightness will thus be less enhanced by contrast and must therefore appear darker.†(1870. As cited in Spillmann, 1994) However, it wasn’t until many years later that there was a new explanation for the phenomenon. A theory within the human visual system called receptive-field organization. This theory was brought to light by Baumgartner. His theory was that the illusion was due to the fact that â€Å"brightness signalling on-center cells stimulated by the intersection receive about twice as much lateral inhibition as cells stimulated by the bars.†(Spillmann, 1994). Lateral inhibitions will then cause the intersections to appear darker. Lateral inhibition is when a neuron is overly excited, which reduces the activity of neighbouring cells. When applying Lateral inhibition to the Hermann Grid illusion, lateral inhibition occurs when the outer ganglion cells are over-stimulated, causing under stimulation of the center ganglion cells, making the intersection seem darker. Width is a very important consideration when discussing the Hermann Grid illusion as a whole. Braumgartner also discussed how the diameter of the receptive field could be measured by using the width of the bar. When the illusion was strongest correlated with the diameter of the receptive field center (1960. As cited in Spillmann, 1994) Spillmann then goes onto describe how to measure the size of a receptive field. â€Å"To determine the size of a perceptive-field center, the observation distance (and thus the visual angle of the inducing stimulus) is varied until the illusion is maximal. For a threshold measurement, it is assumed that the critical bar width at which the illusory spots are strongest corresponds to the size of the perceptive-field center.†(1994). This can also be adapted to measure the size of the periphery, rather than the center of the perceptive field. This can be done by displacing the fixation point (Spillmann, 1964. As cited in Spillmann 1994). Because of this, the Hermann grid illusion can be used to measure both the center and the surround of the perceptive field. There are going to be two hypothesis considered when undertaking this experiment. These will discuss how the bar width interacts with the size of the perceptive field centers as well as how the bar width interacts with the whole perceptive field. The first hypothesis being discussed in this experiment is that the bar-width at which the illusion is maximal should increase with increasing distance from the fovea, this being due to the size of the perceptive field centers. The second hypothesis being discussed is that the bar width where the illusion disappears should increase as the distance from the fovea increases, this time due to the size of the whole perceptive field, including center and surround. Method Participants The participants for this experiment were 228 QUT students enrolled into the unit PYB204 – Perception and Cognition. By being part of the unit, participants were deemed to be eligible and those who were present the day of the experiment had the chance to participate. No other selection or exclusion criteria was applied to those who could participate in the experiment. Of the 228 participants, 180 were female and 48 male, and ranged in age between 18 and 61 with a mean age of 23.82 Design In this experiment, the Independent variable (IV) was the displacement from the fovea. There are 3 degrees of displacement used in this experiment, which are; 0 °, 5 ° and 10 °. Participants were to complete all 3 levels of the IV, which were randomized as a control variable. The first DV is the bar width where the illusion is maximal using a method of adjustment, while the second DV is the bar width at which the illusion disappears. This uses a staircase method using a step size of 0.04 ° with 6 reversals. From this, it can be extrapolated that each participant looked at the Hermann grid illusion six times, three for the first DV and three times for the second DV. Other control measures used include having an equal amount of intersections in each grid as well as the fact that half of the participants viewed their displaced grid from the left and the other half on the right. Apparatus Stimuli was rendered on a 21.5†monitor, using 1400 x 900 screen resolution. No working distance correction was given and participants were instructed to wear whatever spectacles they used for computer work, if any. Participants viewed a 3 x 3 grid subtending 6.6 ° with the central point of the grid displaced at either 5 °, 10 ° or 15 ° from the center of fixation. Participants were provided a visual target (a plus â€Å"+†sign) to fixate upon, which was located in the center of the screen. Procedure Prior to the experiment, particpants were directed to a computer, with their head 30cm away from the monitor. During the test, six different test were conducted. The two hypothesis were conducted sequentially, the first three tests considering the first hypothesis and the last three tests considering the second hypothesis. The first three tests required participants to evaluate at what width the illusion was most apparent. The second three tests required the participants to locate when the illusion was minimal at each level of the IV. These tests were conducted in computer labs with roughly 10-30 people in each session and all sessions happening over the course of one week. Groups were conducted at different times of the day. Results The results from each of these experiments were collated and processed and descriptive data was collected to provide some understanding as to how each of the tests were affected by the bar width. A table of these statistics is provided below. Means and Standard Deviation of Maximal Illusion and Illusion Threshold As evidenced in Table 1, it shows that the mean increased for each level of the IV, it was reported that the lowest mean was when there was no displacement from the fovea (Mean = .54, SD = .37). The next highest being the average amount of displacement, 5 °. (Mean = .68, SD = .38) and the largest displacement (10 °) showed the highest mean of all the trials in the first set of trials. (Mean = .83, SD = .44). This shows that there is a positive correlation between the displacement of the fovea, and the bar width at which the illusion is maximal. This is also seen in the second set of trials. Where there was no displacement of the fovea, there was the lowest mean for bar width. (Mean = .91, SD = .47), the second test shows the second highest displacement and the average mean. (Mean = 1.16, SD = .47) and the largest Displacement from the fovea (10 °) shows the largest mean (Mean = 1.19, SD = .51) While means were used to show some correlation, t-tests were also completed to see whether or not the data would be statistically relevant. All but one of the t-tests completed showed that there were significant differences between the levels of the IV. When considering the differences between threshold 5 and threshold 10, it showed that there was not a significant difference between the two levels of the IV. (t(228) = -1.472 p> .05) Discussion When considering results from these experiments, the first hypothesis was confirmed. As the displacement from the fovea increased, so did the bar width that the illusion was maximal. 0 ° had the lowest mean with .54, 5 ° was second with a mean of .68 and 10 ° had the largest mean width with .83. These studies are in line with previous studies of the phenomenon and are indicative of previous results by Spillmann and Random-Hogg (1980). However, when considering the threshold DV, the hypothesis was not completely confirmed. When considering the mean widths, there was a positive correlation throughout, with the smallest mean being assigned to no displacement with a mean of .91, the second highest mean of 1.16 going to the 5 ° displacement of the fovea and finally the largest mean width being attributed to the largest displacement of the fovea, 10 ° with a mean of 1.19. However, when conducting t-tests to consider the significance of the results, it was found that there was not a significant difference between the results of the 5 ° of displacement and the 10 ° of displacement. While the means are in line with current research, more testing could show more statistically significant results. Some of the limitations of this study can be the eyesight of the participants. Participants in the past have reported not being able to see all levels of the IV, which could give skewed results as some participants could only take part in part of the experiment. One of the ways to combat this is to add selection criteria on to the experiment to make sure that all participants can see all parts of the IV. One of the ways that this future studies could improve upon this experiment is to complete the experiment with more advanced technology when it is available, so that researchers will be able to get a greater idea of how the eye and perceptive fields work within the eye. References Hermann L, 1870 Eine Erscheinung des simultanen Contrastes Pfliigers Archiv fiir die gesamte Physiologie 3 13- 15 Hermann L, 1870 Eine Erscheinung des simultanen Contrastes Pfliigers Archiv fiir die gesamte Physiologie 3 13- 15 Ransom-Hogg, A., Spillmannn, L. (1980). Perceptive field size in fovea and periphery of the light-and dark-adapted retina. Vision Research, 20(3), 221-228. Schiller, P. H., Carvey, C. E. (2005). The Hermann grid illusion revisited. Perception-London, 34(11), 1375-1398. Spillmann L, 1964 Zur Feldorganisation der visuellen Wahrnehmung beim Menschen. Vergleichende psychophysische Untersuchung der GrojJe rezeptiver Felder im zentralen und peripheren Gesichtsfeld mit Simultankontrast, Flimmerfusion, Scheinbewegung und Blickfolgebewegung PhD Dissertation, Munster, Westfalen Spillmannn, L. (1994). The Hermann grid illusion: a tool for studying human perceptive field organization. PERCEPTION-LONDON-, 23, 691-691.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Effects of salt on freezing point of water :: Lab Report
                                                       Blank 1 Blankity Blank Blankity Blank Mr. Blank 4/9/02 Effects of Salts on the Freezing Point of Water      In this experiment, you will study the effect that several solutes have on the Freezing Point of water. When a solute is dissolved in a liquid, the temperature at which that liquid freezes decreases, because the molecules of the solute become attached to the water molecules, making it more difficult for the water to form its crystaline shape and form into ice. This process is called Freezing Point Depression. In this experiment, you will be determining which of five salts most affects the Freezing Point of water.      Each salt will have a concentration of one mole. A mole is the atomic weight of the compound multiplied by one gram, in 1000 ml of water. Since you will be using only 100 ml of water each time, then you must divide the atomic weight by 10 before multiplying it by one gram. You will be using a computer-interfaced Temperature Probe to monitor how much each salt decreases the freezing temperature of water, and a graph of your results will be plotted using the computer. *PURPOSE: To learn which type of salt lowers the Freezing Point of water the greatest amount. *PROBLEM: Which type of salt lowers the Freezing Point of water to the lowest point?                                                        Blank 2 *HYPOTHESIS: The KCl will lower the water’s Freezing Point the most, because Potassium has the lowest ionization energy out of the five metals that are bonded with Chlorine, and perhaps it will bond more easily with the water molecules, keeping it from freezing. *MATERIALS:           *Power Macintosh or Windows PC     *10-ml graduated cylinder           *Vernier computer interface          *ice           *LoggerPro                    *salt           *Vernier Temperature Probe          *stirring rod           *ring stand                    *100 ml of 1M calcium chloride           *utility clamp                    *100 ml of 1M magnesium chloride           *one test tube                    *100 ml of 1M sodium chloride           *600-ml beaker               *100 ml of 1M potassium chloride           *water                         *100 ml of 1M lithium chloride           *triple-beam balance               *weighing dish *PROCEDURES: 1. Put about 400 ml of water and only 5 to 6 ice cubes into a 600-ml beaker. 2. Obtain from your teacher 100 ml of 1M solution of each of the following solutions:           *CaCl               *KCl           *MgCl               *LiCl           *NaCl                                                        Blank 3 3. Using a graduated cylinder, measure and pour 5 ml of the CaCl solution into a test tube and use a utility clamp to fasten the test tube to a ring stand. The test tube should be clamped above the ice water bath. Place the Temperature Probe into the solution inside the test tube. 4. Prepare the computer for data collection by opening the Experiment 3 folder from Physical Science with Computers.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
oppositional defiant disorder :: essays research papers
According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least six months, during which four (or more) of the following are present: Often loses temper. Often argues with adults. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules. Often deliberately annoys people. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior. Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others. Is often angry and resentful. Is often spiteful or vindictive. It is important to note that a counselor or therapist will consider a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level. In other words, the problems and conflicts between teens and parents are as old as time itself, and some conflict is normal and inevitable. However, when the parent/child conflict becomes increasingly severe and appears to be spiraling out of control, then ODD might be considered. Also, as teens are growing and learning, they will sometimes do some very ill-advised things that can cause them problems, both legal and in school. However, if this behavior does not repeat itself and is a one-time event, then a behavior disorder is probably not present. For a diagnosis of ODD to be made, the disturbance in behavior must be causing significant problems in school, in relationships with family and friends, and in the workplace. ODD will not be diagnosed if the the therapist suspects that the teen's behaviors are being directly caused by another psychotic or mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder. oppositional defiant disorder :: essays research papers According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems. Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least six months, during which four (or more) of the following are present: Often loses temper. Often argues with adults. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules. Often deliberately annoys people. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior. Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others. Is often angry and resentful. Is often spiteful or vindictive. It is important to note that a counselor or therapist will consider a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level. In other words, the problems and conflicts between teens and parents are as old as time itself, and some conflict is normal and inevitable. However, when the parent/child conflict becomes increasingly severe and appears to be spiraling out of control, then ODD might be considered. Also, as teens are growing and learning, they will sometimes do some very ill-advised things that can cause them problems, both legal and in school. However, if this behavior does not repeat itself and is a one-time event, then a behavior disorder is probably not present. For a diagnosis of ODD to be made, the disturbance in behavior must be causing significant problems in school, in relationships with family and friends, and in the workplace. ODD will not be diagnosed if the the therapist suspects that the teen's behaviors are being directly caused by another psychotic or mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Analysis and Interpretation of “Company of Wolves”
Angela Carter: â€Å"The Company of Wolves†(1979, excerpt) Men are powerful, strong, dominant. But what are women's strengths? This question was widely discussed in the late seventies during the women's liberation movement. Women all over the world were fighting for their rights, and this inspired female authors to put their thoughts into stories. Women could be manipulative, deceiving. They could control men when they wanted to. So why were the men in control of the world?By rewriting â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, Angela Carter turns the norms of the fairytale upside down, and thereby shows the development in contemporary society. In â€Å"The Company of Wolves†, a young girl beats the most manly of all creatures: the werewolf. The short story is chronological and is told by an omniscient third person narrator with a clear narrative voice:†Children do not stay young for long in this savage country†(p. 22). This gives the reader an insight in the hu ntsman's thoughts as well as the girls, and we get an understanding of the decisions taken by the characters.The short story has intertextuality, as it's a rewriting of the fairytale â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, but it's uncharacteristic as a fairytale as it does not start with the usual â€Å"once upon a time†, and does not end with â€Å"they lived happily ever after†. Angela Carter has chosen to rewrite a story almost everyone knows to make her message easier to understand. But the language in the story is quite formal. This makes it more difficult to understand properly, and it shows that Angela Carter wanted to address the story to the educated part of society.The formal language is also a way of pointing out that women can actually write in a high level of language. The short story's setting is midwinter in a forest. The winter embodies the color white, the color of innocence. The color white is used frequently in the story as well as the color red to pe rsonalize the girl. The white color symbolizes her innocence and the red color represents a grown woman, her lethality and female passion in contrast to her innocence and sensibility. The girl is the main character in the story, as she undergoes a clear development from a young girl to a grown woman.She starts out as a young and innocent girl, casually walking through the forest on her way to her grandmother's house. But as she meets the young huntsman, the man, the wolf, it starts snowing. The huntsman threatens her innocence symbolized with the prelude to a blizzard. At the end of the story, just as the girl has gone to bed with the huntsman, it stops snowing (â€Å"The blizzard died down†, p. 27). The white snow, her innocence, has died down, and her innocence is lost forever. Angela Carter is using a woman as the hero in the story, which is quite unusual for a fairytale.She was trying to break away from the norms of the fairytale by letting the girl use her female strengt hs to beat the werewolf. She is deceiving and manipulating the werewolf, and ends up sleeping with the werewolf instead of being eaten. The huntsman is Angela Carter's symbol of masculinity. In this story men are shown as beasts, just like the huntsman. He's a werewolf, he's hairy, he's â€Å"carnivore incarnate†(p. 25). When the girl was walking through the forest, â€Å"†¦ she heard the freezing howl of a wolf†(p. 23), (â€Å"†¦ but she saw no sign of a wolf at all, nor of a naked man†, p. 23).By adding this, Angela Carter implies that a naked man and a wolf are the same thing, (and thereby she lets her thoughts as the writer be apparent). The huntsman eats the grandmother. He is literally feeding on women, just as Angela Carter indicates that men are feeding on women in society. Most of the women at that time were still cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children at home singlehandedly, and could proceed to take care of their husband when he got back from work. Women were the unappreciated pillar of society. The colors red and white are the main symbols in the story.These colors are mentioned throughout the story (â€Å"†¦ her cheeks are an emblematic scarlet and white†, p. 22). The first sentence starts with â€Å"It is midwinter and the robin†¦ †(p. 22), the midwinter is white and the robin is red. As mentioned earlier, red and white symbolizes the girl's innocence, passion and femininity. Red is not only used to symbolize the huntsman's lethality (â€Å"†¦ eyes the size of saucers, saucers full of Greek fire, diabolic phosphorescence†, p. 25), (â€Å"There was a faint trace of blood on his chin†, p. 24), the girl's red dress shows how the girl is equally lethal to the huntsman.By writing this story Angela Carter is focusing on women's strengths, such as how the girl uses manipulation and deception to beat the werewolf. She indicates that a woman can take a man into her mer cy in any given situation (even when he's about to eat you). But does Angela Carter really think manipulation and deception are strengths? Isn't this to display women's weakness, if these are their only strengths? Angela Carter uses the fairytale to catch the reader's attention, and by making the girl succeed in manipulating with the werewolf, she dissociates herself from the classic fairytales in which a man is the savior.Angela Carter shows men as beasts, merely feeding off of and toying with women, though they can't go for long without the love of a woman. Men are unintelligent as they just follow their feral instincts, and can be tricked by even the most innocent girl at any given time. But Angela Carter does not end up giving the reader a positive interpretation of women either. They use manipulation and their female bodies to deceive men. This short story is Angela Carter's contribution to the discussion of gender roles in society at that time.Hvad har jeg gjort? Jeg har selvf olgelig rettet de fejl som du gjorde opm? rksom pa, og provet at fa teksten til at passe bedre til konklusionen. Egentligt er det mere konklusionen jeg har provet at tilpasse teksten, da jeg har sv? rt ved at udv? lge, hvilke dele af analysen der burde udelades. I et par af analysepunkterne har jeg uddybet, sa sammenh? ngen med konklusionen er mere klar. Jeg har provet at omskrive den del af analysen, hvor du var uenig i at jeg anklagede Angela Carter, hvilket jeg godt kan se, er at ga for langt.Tror jeg blev grebet af, at jeg folte at jeg havde fat i noget, og korte den lidt for langt ud. Jeg har dog holdt fast i pointen. Jeg har forsogt at uddybe hvorfor Angela Carter har valgt en alvidende 3. persons fort? ller, og rettet mine fordanskede udtryk. Du bad mig ogsa om at uddybe enkelte dele af analysen, og det har jeg provet at gore, dog uden at komme med en ny pointe som gar tabt i lobet af analysen. Jeg er i tvivl, om det er bedst at skrive â€Å"can not†eller â€Å"can't †/ â€Å"she's†eller â€Å"she is†, eller om det er ligegyldigt.
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